Leadership, Education, Personality: An Interdisciplinary Journal, ISSN: 2524-6178
School of International Business and Entrepreneurship is A place of education where the future is developed: that of technology management and economics – in various areas of technologies – IT, Renewable Energy, Manufacturing & Innovation. Leadership, Education, Personality: An Interdisciplinary Journal ISSN: 2524-6178. This interdisciplinary and transfer oriented journal deals with the topics of Leadership, Personality and Education as well as the areas of conflict arising from this combination.. The journal aims for a comprehensive and diverse approach to the research fields concerned, so that articles from all scientific disciplines are welcomed. Furthermore, “Leadership, Education, Personality: An Interdisciplinary Journal” publishes practice-oriented articles from business, politics, and society to demonstrate its transfer oriented concept. Additionally, special editions or thematic series offer the opportunity to focus on singular topics. Due to its relevance for almost every scientific field, the journal addresses a wide academic readership as well as opinion leaders, executives, and practitioners from all social sectors. AUTHORS GUIDELINES: SIBE Press researchers across the world thereby bringing in total transparency in its journal review system. The journal welcomes submissions in all areas related to IT, Management, Commerce, Finance, Human Resources, Economics, Natural and Applied Science, Mathematics, Law, Pharmacy, Health Science, Language and Literature, Engineering and Social Science. Manuscript must be in English prepared on a standard A4 size paper setting. It must be prepared in 12-point Times New Roman. Authors are instructed to follow the author guidelines strictly without which the article may not be accepted for publication. Authors are advised to check the guidelines and check list before submitting the article for publication. 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तद्धितान्तप्रयोगा दिनानुदिनं क्षीणाः सञ्जाताः। एतां दुर्दशां दृष्ट्वा व्याकुलाः प्रयोगमर्मज्ञा दुःखेन वदन्ति, ‘गतास्तद्धितान्ताः‘, मृताः प्रक्रियाजाः, हताः सन्धि-बन्धा लुङ्श्चप्रयोगाः। इदानीन्तनानां जनानां प्रवृत्तिः कृदन्ते सुबन्ते कदाचित्तिङ्ङन्ते। महिम्नः स्तोत्रे तद्धिनान्तशब्दा बाहुल्येन प्रयुक्ताः सन्ति। इदानीन्तनानां विदुषां रचना कृदन्तबहुला, तत्र यदि पूजयति इत्यादिस्थाने ‘पूजां करोति‘ इति प्रयुज्यते तदा कृदन्तसमादरः स्पष्ट एव। अध्ययनाभावाद् भावाभिव्यक्तिकाले ये तद्धितान्तप्रयोगा अनिवार्यास्ते तादृशस्य जनस्य भाषणलेखनादिकाले अपशब्दा भवन्ति। अतएव षष्ठमः, अष्टादशम इति प्रयोगस्तत्र तत्र श्रूयते। वैयाकरणः, शाब्दिकः नैयायिकः, मीमांसकः, शिक्षकः इत्यादिशब्दाः प्रयत्याऽपि भाषातो बहिष्कर्तुं न शक्याः। कौन्तेय, पार्थ, वासुदेव, पाणिनि, राघव, वरिष्ठ, आञ्जनेयादिशब्दास्तद्धितज्ञानां मनसि भारतीय-संस्कृतेः इतिहासायन्ते। एषां बहिष्कारेण संस्कृतौ तदीयजीवातुभूते वैदिकवाङ्मये संस्कृतवाङ्मये च कुठाराघातोऽसह्य एव।
Copyright (c) 2014 Leadership, Education, Personality: An Interdisciplinary Journal, ISSN: 2524-6178 https://sibe.rpress.co.in/
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AND PERFORMANCE ANXIETY AMONG TEAM AND INDIVIDUAL SPORTS PLAYERS IN UNIVERSITIES
The present research investigates the relationship between achievement motivation and performance anxiety among university-level team and individual sports players. Sports performance depends not only on physical ability but also on psychological attributes such as motivation and anxiety regulation. The study aimed to explore how these psychological constructs vary across sport types and genders and to identify their interrelationship. A sample of 200 university players (100 team players and 100 individual players) was selected from affiliated colleges of Savitribai Phule Pune University. Standardized scales measuring achievement motivation and performance anxiety were administered. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and Pearson correlation were used for analysis. The results revealed that individual sports players exhibited significantly higher achievement motivation but also experienced higher levels of performance anxiety compared to team players. A moderate negative correlation was found between achievement motivation and performance anxiety, indicating that highly motivated athletes tend to manage anxiety better. Gender differences were minimal, though male athletes scored slightly higher in achievement motivation, while female athletes reported marginally higher anxiety. The findings suggest that sport type significantly influences the psychological profiles of athletes. Coaches and sports psychologists can utilize these insights to design mental training programs that enhance motivation while managing competitive stress. The study contributes to sports psychology by emphasizing the dynamic relationship between motivation and anxiety as determinants of athletic performance.
Paurnima Balwant Karale, Dr. Manohar M. Mane
Copyright (c) 2023 Leadership, Education, Personality: An Interdisciplinary Journal, ISSN: 2524-6178 https://sibe.rpress.co.in/
Role of Mass Media In Promoting Health Awareness Campaigns
This study explores the pivotal role of mass media in promoting health awareness campaigns and influencing public health behavior across global and national contexts before 2018. Utilizing a mixed-method research approach, the analysis integrates quantitative data from large-scale health campaigns and qualitative insights from existing literature. Findings reveal that multi-channel communication strategies—combining television, radio, print, and community media—significantly enhance awareness levels and foster behavioral change. Campaigns such as India’s Pulse Polio and the United States’ Truth Initiative demonstrated how consistent, credible, and emotionally persuasive messages can mobilize communities toward preventive action. Qualitative themes including message credibility, cultural adaptation, and repetition emerged as core determinants of effectiveness. The study concludes that health communication through mass media not only informs but also empowers individuals to make informed health decisions, contributing to sustainable improvements in public well-being. By bridging the gap between policymakers and the public, mass media remains an indispensable tool for achieving equitable health literacy and long-term societal health transformation.
Search for Identity in N. Scott Momaday’s House Made of Dawn and Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony
From a young age, Momaday was deeply immersed in the Kiowa culture of his paternal lineage. Momaday's writing possesses a poetic quality mostly due to his background as a poet and storyteller. House Made of Dawn achieved immediate acclaim, winning the Pulitzer Prize in 1969, a year post-publication, which facilitated the emergence of numerous Native authors, nearly all of whom attribute their success to Momaday, including James Welch, Leslie Marmon Silko, Gerald Vizenor, Louise Erdrich, and Sherman Alexie. Silko, akin to Louise Erdrich, explores the issue of hybrid identity in her writings, particularly focussing on the sensation of being “neither white nor entirely traditional Indian.” In 1977, Silko published her inaugural novel, Ceremony; it serves as a reaction from the Laguna people to N. Scott Momaday's Pulitzer Prize-winning work, House Made of Dawn. This study seeks to analyse the theme of identity through the interconnected elements of identification, home, ritual, and narrative in N. Scott Momaday's House Made of Dawn and Leslie Marmon Silko's Ceremony. Abel and Tayo's return home channels the solitary energies of individuals into the collective, enabling characters to return to their respective homes. Abel and Tayo's wartime traumas have estranged them to such an extent that they are incapable of recognising their environment or possessing a coherent sense of self. The author analyses several features that establish a sense of “home” for the characters, as well as the methods by which they have been “unhomed.” The paper through the selected works examines how the indigenous consciousness compelled the Natives to restore their identity.
Copyright (c) 2024 Leadership, Education, Personality: An Interdisciplinary Journal, ISSN: 2524-6178 https://sibe.rpress.co.in/
Artificial Intelligence in Music Composition and Production
The study explores the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on contemporary music composition and production, highlighting its role as a creative and technical collaborator in the modern musical landscape. AI-driven systems such as AIVA, Flow Machines, Jukedeck, Amper Music, and IBM Watson Beat demonstrate the ability of algorithms to generate melodies, harmonies, rhythms, and even lyrics with stylistic coherence and emotional depth. These tools employ machine learning and pattern recognition to analyze vast musical datasets, enabling them to emulate human-like creativity and assist composers in exploring new musical ideas. In production, AI enhances workflow efficiency through automated mastering, mixing, and sound design, allowing for high-quality output with minimal manual intervention. The integration of AI has democratized music creation, making advanced composition tools accessible to both professionals and independent artists. The study concludes that AI does not replace human creativity but amplifies it—bridging artistic intuition and computational intelligence to redefine the boundaries of musical innovation.
Dr. Neetu Verma and Dr. Suresh Kumar Duggal
Copyright (c) 2022 Leadership, Education, Personality: An Interdisciplinary Journal, ISSN: 2524-6178 https://sibe.rpress.co.in/
Relationship between Staff Training, Infrastructure Readiness, Patient Engagement and AI Usability in the Irish Medical System
This study investigates the determinants of artificial intelligence (AI) usability in the Irish medical system using a balanced panel dataset of 30 hospitals from 2015 to 2025. Employing fixed-effects and random-effects estimations with cluster-robust standard errors, the research examines how digital investment, staff training, patient digital engagement, and infrastructure readiness influence AI usability. Results reveal that staff training and patient engagement are the strongest predictors of usability, while infrastructure and investment exert weaker effects when human-centred variables are included. These findings underscore the importance of organisational readiness and user-centric strategies in ensuring effective AI adoption in healthcare. The study contributes to the growing empirical literature on digital transformation in health services by providing evidence from Ireland’s evolving health-technology landscape. Policy implications include prioritising workforce digital literacy and patient-focused innovation to enhance system-wide usability and ensure equitable AI integration across hospitals.
Bismillah Mehmood ul Hassan Nosheen Batool Waqar Hassan
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of East-West Thought (JET) ISSN (O) : 2168-2259 https://sibe.rpress.co.in/
Balancing Giants: Kenya’s Foreign Policy Between the West and China in the 21st Century
In an era of shifting global power dynamics, the East African state of Kenya occupies a uniquely strategic position. Flanked by Indian Ocean access, regional trade routes, and a history of Western alliances, Kenya now finds itself recalibrating its foreign policy between traditional Western partners (especially the United States and European Union) and the rising influence of China. This paper argues that Kenya’s foreign policy in the 21st century reflects a deliberate Balancing Act: leveraging Chinese infrastructure investment and trade opportunities while trying to maintain the political, security, and normative benefits derived from its Western relationships. This balancing reflects both opportunity and risk: opportunity in terms of alternative sources of finance and strategic options, and risk in terms of dependency, sovereignty questions, and diplomatic pressure. Understanding this balance is critical not only for Kenya but also for broader debates on how middle‐power states navigate great-power competition in Africa.
Bridging Boundaries: The Role of the Indian Diaspora in South Africa’s Anti-Apartheid Struggle
The story of the Indian diaspora in South Africa—largely descendants of indentured labourers and later migrants—is often told with economic and cultural focus. However, a crucial dimension is their political engagement and contribution to the anti-apartheid struggle (roughly 1946–1994). This paper argues that the Indian diaspora served both as an internal actor within South Africa (through organisations like the Natal Indian Congress and the Transvaal Indian Congress) and as a conduit for international solidarity (including through the Indian state and global Indian communities). The dual role allowed them to bridge boundaries, between Indian and African communities, internal and international politics, and between colonial/indentured legacies and liberation politics.
A STUDY OF DIFFICULTIES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF PUNJAB IN RELATION TO INTELLIGENCE
The aim of the study was to assess English language learning difficulties of elementary school students of Punjab in relation to intelligence. The sample of the study was 176 7th grade students of Punjab state. An English language learning difficulty screening test developed by researcher herself was used for data collection. Raven’s: Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) was used to assess intelligence of elementary school students. The low and high groups of intelligence were formed by applying P25 and P75 cut points-44 students in each group. High intelligent students as compared to low intelligent students have never faced difficulty in the following areas of: Learn class material at slow speed; spend more time to study than classmates; To understand written instructions; and poor handwriting as compared to peers. Low intelligent elementary students as compared to high intelligent elementary students have always faced difficulty in the following areas of: Pronunciating unfamiliar words correctly while reading; and to understand written instructions. More number in low intelligent students as compared to lesser number in high intelligent face problems sometimes in the areas of: To read comprehension; in written expression; poor handwriting as compared to peers; in giving pauses; to grasp ornamental words; and to understand the meaning of almost similar words.
Copyright (c) 2025 Leadership, Education, Personality: An Interdisciplinary Journal, ISSN: 2524-6178 https://sibe.rpress.co.in/
The Reflection of Feminism in the Novels of Jane Austen: A Study of Gender and Social Identity
Jane Austen’s novels present a subtle yet powerful critique of patriarchal society through the depiction of intelligent and independent women who challenge the gender norms of their time. This paper explores feminist undertones in her major works, including Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility and Emma. The study analyzes Austen’s portrayal of women’s struggle for autonomy, education and social respect in an age defined by rigid class and gender hierarchies. It argues that Austen’s heroines redefine womanhood through wit, moral strength and rational judgment, making her a precursor to modern feminist thought. Austen’s fiction, though domestic in scope, transcends its social boundaries to highlight universal human issues of justice, equality and personal integrity. Her world is one of drawing rooms and dances, yet within these constrained spaces, she carves out a revolutionary vision of female agency (Butler 11–15).
Balancing Performance and User Satisfaction in Mobile Cloud Utilization
Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) has transformed how resource-constrained mobile devices leverage powerful cloud servers to run complex applications. This paper studies how to balance system performance (e.g. latency, bandwidth, energy use) with user satisfaction (e.g. reliability, usability, data privacy) in MCC environments. We first examine key performance factors influencing mobile cloud service efficiency, including network latency, bandwidth availability, device energy consumption, and response time. Their impacts on service quality are analyzed, with a focus on how they affect the end-user experience. Next, we identify user satisfaction parameters relevant to MCC – notably reliability (service uptime and stability), usability (ease of use and responsiveness), data privacy/security, and service availability. We conduct a comprehensive review of 25 recent research studies and industry reports to synthesize insights. Our literature survey reveals that high latency and poor network quality can significantly degrade user satisfaction, while efficient offloading and edge computing can improve responsiveness and battery life, thereby boosting user experience. Reliability and security factors (e.g. low crash rates, robust data protection) emerge as critical to maintaining user trust and continued usage. We propose a conceptual framework illustrating the relationships between system performance metrics and user satisfaction levels. Using this framework, we evaluate how optimizing technical performance (such as minimizing response time) must be balanced with meeting user-centric expectations (such as privacy and reliability) to maximize overall satisfaction. The paper concludes with recommendations for MCC providers to adopt multi-faceted optimization strategies that jointly enhance performance and user satisfaction, ensuring efficient yet user-friendly mobile cloud services.
Ms. Manisha S.Thorat , Dr. Vishwas S. Pendse
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING ON COLLEGE STUDENTS: THE CHALLENGING PERSPECTIVE
Social media has become an integral part of daily life for college students, offering platforms for social connection, information sharing, and entertainment. However, its impact on mental health and well-being has sparked increasing concern. While social media can enhance communication and provide a sense of belonging, its negative effects on mental health, particularly among college students, cannot be overlooked. This paper examines the challenges associated with social media use, focusing on the relationship between social media engagement and mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, social comparison, cyberbullying, and sleep disruption. Research indicates that the curated nature of social media platforms can exacerbate feelings of inadequacy and trigger a cycle of negative self-assessment, leading to heightened levels of anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the fear of missing out (FOMO) and the addictive design of social media can significantly disrupt sleep patterns, further exacerbating mental health issues. The rise of cyberbullying has also been linked to online platforms, with many college students experiencing harassment that leads to feelings of isolation and stress. While social media offers several benefits, it also poses a significant challenge to the psychological well-being of students, making it critical for both individuals and institutions to address its potential harms. This paper calls for increased awareness and digital literacy programs that encourage mindful social media use and promote healthier online environments. Future research should explore the long-term effects of social media use and investigate strategies for mitigating its negative impacts, ensuring that social media remains a positive tool for personal and academic development.
Archana Subhash Garud and Dr. Poonam B. Waghmare
महर्षि वेदव्यास के अनुसार मनुष्यों के लिए आचार धर्म : यक्ष-युधिष्ठिर वार्ता के परिप्रेक्ष्य में
महर्षि वेदव्यास द्वारा रचित महाभारत में आचार - विचार के साथ-साथ मनुष्यों के कर्तव्यों के बारे में विस्तृत वर्णन प्रस्तुत किया गया है। महाभारत के तीन नाम हैं- जय,भारत और महाभारत। इसे भारतीय संस्कृति का ज्ञानकोष भी कहा जाता है। महाभारत में लगभग एक लाख श्लोक हैं। इन श्लोकों में विभिन्न कथा-आख्यानों के माध्यम से जीवन में ग्रहणीय और करणीय कार्यों पर प्रकाश डाला गया है। उन्हीं में से एक महत्तवपूर्ण ज्ञानप्रद प्रसङ्ग है - यक्ष-युधिष्ठिर वार्ता।
Copyright (c) 2020 Leadership, Education, Personality: An Interdisciplinary Journal, ISSN: 2524-6178 https://sibe.rpress.co.in/
Payment Banks vs. Traditional Banking in India: A Comparative Analysis
The Indian banking sector has witnessed a significant structural evolution with the introduction of Payment Banks (PBs) in 2015, following the recommendations of the Nachiket Mor Committee. Conceived as differentiated banks, PBs aim to advance financial inclusion by targeting unbanked and underbanked populations through technology-driven, low-cost models. This stands in contrast to Traditional Banks (TBs), which operate as universal banks offering a full spectrum of financial services, including credit, and cater to a broad customer base. While both models coexist within the same regulatory environment, their objectives, operational frameworks, and market strategies differ substantially. This study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of Payment Banks and Traditional Banks in India, evaluating their respective business models, performance, customer reach, and impact on financial inclusion. It aims to identify key areas of competition and collaboration and assess the long-term viability and synergistic potential of both models.
Dr. N. Moses Dr. M. Yugandharudu Dr. P. Suchitra
Non-performing assets (NPAs) and its impact on bank performance -with Special reference to ICIC Banks
India’s banking sector, especially public sector banks, has historically struggled with rising NPAs due to weak credit appraisal systems, economic slowdown, and corporate defaults. Non-performing assets (NPAs) pose a critical challenge to banking stability and economic growth, particularly in emerging economies like India. Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) are loans or advances for which the principal or interest payment remains overdue for a period of 90 days or more. NPAs are a critical indicator of the health of a banking system, reflecting the quality of a bank’s assets. High levels of NPAs can constrain a bank’s profitability, liquidity, and ability to lend, thereby affecting overall financial stability. This paper aims to analyze the critical issue of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) in the Indian banking sector, with a specific focus on ICICI Bank. It seeks to understand the causes for the surge in NPAs, particularly after 2013, and to empirically examine their impact on the bank's profitability, operational efficiency, and shareholder value.
Dr. N. Moses, Dr. M. Yugandharudu and Dr. P. Suchitra
Energetic Phosphorus Ion Implantation in Silicon: A SRIM-Based Study of Damage Profiles and Ranges at Varying Ion Energies
Phosphorus ion implantation into silicon substrates is a critical process in semiconductor fabrication, influencing dopant distribution and damage generation. This study employs SRIM/TRIM simulations to analyse the effect of phosphorus ion energies ranging from 10 kev to 50 kev on implantation characteristics in silicon. Key metrics, including backscattered ions, vacancy production, and spatial distribution of implanted ions, were examined. Results reveal a monotonic increase in vacancy formation and ion range with increasing energy, while backscattering decreases initially and then slightly rises at 50 keV. The data indicate enhanced penetration depth and lateral spread with energy, vital for optimising ion implantation protocols in silicon-based microelectronics. The findings offer a predictive insight into damage evolution and dopant behaviour for energy-controlled doping processes.
Mrunal Patil, Pushpinder Bhatia and D. M. Sapkal
Human Resource Challenges in the Digital Age Redefining Roles of Library and Information Science Professionals
The digital transformation has fundamentally reshaped the information landscape, propelling libraries from traditional repositories into dynamic digital hubs. This evolution presents a profound human resource challenge for Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals and their institutions. This paper investigates the critical gap between legacy skill sets and the demanding new competencies required in the digital age. It identifies key challenges, including a significant skills mismatch in areas like data analytics and digital content management, difficulties in recruiting and retaining tech-savvy talent, and inherent resistance to organizational change. In response, the roles of LIS professionals are being radically redefined, expanding into emerging specializations such as data curation, digital scholarship support, user experience design, and scholarly communications management.
Copyright (c) 2009 Leadership, Education, Personality: An Interdisciplinary Journal, ISSN: 2524-6178 https://sibe.rpress.co.in/
बी.एड. पाठ्यक्रम में राष्ट्रीय शिक्षानीति 2020 का क्रियान्वयनः शैक्षणिक सुधारों का समालोचनात्मक अध्ययन
यह शोध भारतीय शिक्षक शिक्षा संस्थानों में बैचलर ऑफ एजुकेशन (बी.एड.) पाठ्यक्रम के अंतर्गत राष्ट्रीय शिक्षानीति (NEP) 2020 के क्रियान्वयन की जांच करता है। अध्ययन शिक्षक तैयारी कार्यक्रमों के पुनर्गठन में NEP 2020 की परिवर्तनकारी क्षमताकी खोज करता है, जिस में पाठ्यक्रम पुनर्संरचना, शैक्षणिक नवाचार, और संस्थागत सुधारों पर विशेष ध्यान दिया गया है। मिश्रित विधि अनुसंधान दृष्टिकोण अपनाते हुए, यह अध्ययन 15 राज्यों के 180 बी.एड. संस्थानों से डेटा एकत्र करता है। निष्कर्ष दर्शाते हैं कि NEP 2020 के मुख्य सिद्धांत जैसे बहु विषयकता, आलोचनात्मकचिंतन, और व्यावहारिक अनुभव धीरे-धीरे बी.एड. पाठ्यक्रमों में एकीकृत हो रहे हैं, परंतु क्रियान्वयन में महत्वपूर्ण चुनौतियां मौजूद हैं। अध्ययन शैक्षणिक गुणवत्ता में सुधार और भावी शिक्षकों की तैयारी के लिए नीतिगत सुझाव प्रस्तुत करता है।
उत्तरमेघ में वर्णित यक्ष के सन्देश में निहित कालिदास का भाव पक्ष
महाकवि कालिदास द्वारा रचित मेघदूत सम्पूर्ण संस्कृत साहित्य का श्रेष्ठतम गीतिकाव्य है। इस काव्य में निर्वासित जीवन जी रहे एक यक्ष ने, सुदूर निवासिनी अपनी प्रियतमा यक्षिणी के लिए मेघ के माध्यम से प्रेम सन्देश प्रेषित किया है। कालिदास को यह भली-भाँति ज्ञात था कि धुएँ, जल और आकाश से निर्मित निर्जीव चेतनाशून्य तत्त्वों से बना मेघ, चेतन प्राणियों के द्वारा प्रेषणीय सन्देश को ले जाने में सक्षम नहीं हो सकता। उधर यक्ष व्यथित है, उसे दूसरा कोई मार्ग नहीं सूझता। इसलिए वह मेघ को ही अपनी प्रियतमा के पास दूत रूप में संदेश प्रेषित करने का निर्णय लेता है। कालिदास लिखते हैं-
Public Expenditure in Punjab, Gujarat and Rajasthan
This paper examines the size, composition and quality of public expenditure in three large Indian states Punjab, Gujarat and Rajasthan using audited figures up to FY 2021-22, revised estimates for FY 2022-23 and the latest available FY 2023-24 Budget Estimates (BE). It situates each state’s fiscal choices in the broader post-GST, post-pandemic macro-fiscal context, including the tapering of grants, the central push for state capital spending and pressures from committed expenditure and subsidies. The analysis finds: (i) Gujarat sustains a modest revenue surplus and mounts an aggressive capital outlay push in 2023-24; (ii) Rajasthan improves receipts and steps up capital outlay, but faces medium-term risks from the re-adoption of the Old Pension Scheme (OPS); and (iii) Punjab contends with a persistent revenue deficit and a very high ratio of committed expenditure to revenue receipts, with electricity subsidies weighing heavily on fiscal space. Cross-state contrasts underscore the trade-offs among subsidy design, pension policy and growth-enhancing capital spending. Policy recommendations focus on protecting capex, rationalising non-merit subsidies, strengthening public financial management (PFM) and improving discom and pension sustainability. Key figures cited are drawn from official budget analyses and authoritative fiscal surveys.
Beyond Stereotypes: A Feminist Reading of Women Characters in R.K. Narayan’s The Guide
R.K. Narayan occupies a distinctive position among the most celebrated Indian writers in English. His novels vividly capture the ethos of Indian life and sensibility, often rooted in the fictional town of Malgudi, which serves as a microcosm of South Indian middle-class society. In each of his novel, there is at least one female character who occupies an important place in the story and Rosie is such a female character in The Guide. She represents a modern woman who is educated and ambitions and strives to attain independent economic entity according to her own taste and talent although she has to pay a heavy price for it. The other female characters in the novel are Raju’s mother and Velan’s sister. Raju’s mother represents the conservative and orthodox women who follow tradition and culture. She is a dutiful wife and a loving mother. She serves as both a moral compass and a guardian of values, offering guidance to Raju and Rosie, and eventually withdrawing from the household when her counsel is ignored. Velan’s sister, although a minor character, plays a crucial role in shaping Raju’s transformation into a spiritual figure. This paper is a humble attempt to study this aspect of R.K. Narayan’s characterisation.
From Paradox to Parody: The Rhetorical Strategies in G.B. Shaw’s Arms and the Man
George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), an Irish playwright, critic, and Nobel Prize winner of 1925, was one of the most celebrated authors of his age. His works are known to be influenced by Ibsenism and naturalism. He revolutionised the use of comedy in theatre by combining sharp social critique with humour. Arms and the Man (1894), one of his most well-known plays, represents an early and commercially successful instance of Shaw’s “pleasant plays.” His plays are divided into two categories– the initial ones as ‘Plays Unpleasant’ and the later ones as ‘Plays Pleasant.’ The play Arms and the Man is subtitled as, “An Anti-Romantic Comedy,” which perfectly signals Shaw’s intention to overthrow the romantic notions of war and heroism that dominated the literary and theatrical landscape of his time. This paper analyses how Shaw employs various rhetorical devices such as paradox and parody to critique nationalism, romantic idealism, and class hierarchy, making Arms and the Man an anti-war comedy that remains relevant even today.
Redefining Femininity: Contemporary Narratives of Female Defiance in World Literature
For many centuries, the notion of a 'good woman' across nations has been rooted in values such as obedience, sacrifice, patience, silence, and morality. From Sita in Ramayana to Desdemona in Shakespeare's Othello, the definition of a 'good woman' has been her act of suffering, sacrifice and endurance. The history of women can be understood through what Carl Jung calls the collective unconscious (Jung). However, this collective unconscious wasn’t just a matter of the past—it exists even today, though in a different form. Contemporary writers, especially women, have attempted to dismantle the stereotypes associated with women by presenting female protagonists in their works. They have given long-overdue, well-deserved space to women and have shown them as brave, powerful, assertive, defiant, and unapologetically flawed. Despite differences in geography, culture, and personal experiences, women writers across the world are creating a strikingly similar feminist discourse in contemporary literature. This paper examines how Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni (Indo - American), Ottessa Moshfegh (American), Bernardine Evaristo (English), and Margaret Atwood (Canadian), all belonging to different countries, are writing narratives that come together on common themes of female resistance and defiance of patriarchal norms. They have all attempted to bring women to the forefront, proving that an ideal woman is not just someone who conforms to her circumstances but one who chooses her own path and stands up for herself. Through an analysis of selected works, this paper aims to study how these authors, despite belonging to different continents, reflect a shared struggle against gender oppression, challenging conventional representations of womanhood and attempt to create a new idea of femininity.
Hot Injection Synthesis of CdSe Nanocrystals: Structural, Optical, and Electronic Properties
Cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanocrystals, commonly known as quantum dots (QDs), have emerged as pivotal materials in the realm of nanotechnology due to their unique size-dependent optical and electronic properties, primarily governed by quantum confinement effects. Among various synthesis routes, the hot-injection method has proven to be one of the most reliable techniques for producing high-quality, monodisperse CdSe nanocrystals with controlled morphology, narrow size distributions, and tunable emission spectra. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the synthesis of CdSe nanocrystals using the hot-injection method, with a particular focus on understanding how reaction parameters—such as precursor concentration, ligand selection, injection temperature, and growth duration—affect the final structural, optical, and electronic properties of the resulting nanocrystals. We begin by analyzing the nucleation and growth dynamics inherent to the hot-injection process, emphasizing the importance of rapid precursor mixing and thermal stability to initiate controlled nucleation while minimizing secondary nucleation events. The role of coordinating ligands, such as trioctylphosphine (TOP), trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), oleic acid, and hexadecylamine, is explored in depth, particularly regarding their function in surface passivation, crystal phase control (e.g., wurtzite vs. zinc blende), and colloidal stability. The impact of reaction temperature is also examined, as it significantly influences not only the size and shape of nanocrystals but also their crystallinity and defect density. The study delves into the optical properties of CdSe quantum dots, highlighting how variations in particle size and surface chemistry lead to tunable photoluminescence across the visible spectrum. Spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Vis absorption, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and time-resolved fluorescence are discussed as critical tools for characterizing bandgap energy, exciton recombination dynamics, and quantum yield. Special attention is given to quantum confinement-induced blue shifts in smaller particles, as well as red shifts and reduced bandgaps in larger nanocrystals. The influence of surface defects and trap states on the optical performance is analyzed, along with approaches for surface passivation and core/shell engineering (e.g., CdSe/ZnS structures) to enhance quantum yield and photostability.
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Over the past century, there have been significant changes in the marketing industry. It is unimaginable how marketing methods, resources, and strategies have changed. Markets in a traditional economy were limited to physical spaces and had various restrictions on time, location, and utility. All markets are now at our fingertips, though, as globalization has shrunk the whole market to the size of a human palm. After starting off as a forum for interpersonal communication, social media has developed into an effective instrument for advertising, brand positioning, and other marketing management tasks. Keeping up with the latest developments in the marketing industry and its tools is crucial for any firm. The purpose of this essay is to draw attention to one of the most important marketing trends.
Inderjit Kaur, Dr. Rajender Kumar , & Dr. Jitender Kumar***
PELECANIFORMES DIVERSITY AND THEIR ECOLOGICAL ROLE IN THE NANDUR MADHYAMESHWAR WETLAND
This study investigates the diversity and ecological role of Pelecaniformes within the Nandur Madhyameshwar Wetland, a Ramsar site of high conservation value in Maharashtra, India. Wetlands serve as dynamic ecosystems, critical for biodiversity and ecosystem stability through nutrient cycling, hydrological regulation, and support for various trophic interactions. Pelecaniformes comprising herons, ibises, and pelicans are essential avifaunal groups within these habitats, acting as bioindicators due to their sensitivity to water quality, habitat change, and resource availability. This research documents the species composition, population dynamics, and habitat preferences of Pelecaniformes in the Nandur Madhyameshwar Wetland, highlighting their roles in sustaining ecosystem resilience through nutrient cycling and fish population control. By examining key trophic and ecological interactions, this study underscores the necessity of wetland conservation to safeguard these keystone species and their ecological functions. Findings contribute valuable insights into avian diversity, emphasizing the importance of maintaining wetland integrity amid escalating anthropogenic pressures.
Makrand Karwal, Dr. Imran Khan, Dr. Goswami Dhanraj,
LIFE, LOSS, AND IDENTITY: THEMES AND CHARACTERIZATION IN ANNE TYLER’S A SLIPPING-DOWN LIFE
Anne Tyler’s A Slipping-Down Life is a poignant exploration of identity, self-worth, and human connection, centering on the life of Evie Decker, a lonely and introspective teenager. Fascinated by the local musician Drumstrings Casey, Evie embarks on a journey of self-discovery that challenges both her sense of belonging and her understanding of relationships. This paper examines the thematic richness of the novel, highlighting Tyler’s treatment of personal growth, social alienation, and the transformative power of human connections. Evie’s characterization serves as a mirror of adolescent isolation and the quest for recognition. Her impulsive act of carving Casey’s name into her forehead symbolizes a desperate search for identity and visibility, setting into motion a series of events that reshape both her life and Casey’s. Through their evolving relationship, Tyler portrays the complexity of emotional attachment, vulnerability, and the process of confronting personal insecurities.
STUDIES ON ENVTRONMENTAL ASSOCIATION CORRELATION IN HYBRID TEA ROSE
Rose is famous Ornamental and floriculture crop and its flower are demanded with handsome price. The production of flower is increasing which ensure the development of this industry. Investigation on present project dealing with flower yield component and genetic divergence in hybrid tea rose in 50 varieties of rose in randomenized block design with three replication were carried out at C.S. Azad University ofof agriculture and technology during 1998-99 and 1999-2000.
भारत के ऐतिहासिक जनजातीय आंदोलन: संघर्ष और स्वाभिमान की कहानी
भारत के प्रमुख जनजातीय आंदोलन आदिवासी समाज की सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक और आर्थिक पहचान की रक्षा के लिए उभरे संघर्षों का प्रतीक हैं। ये आंदोलन ब्रिटिश काल से लेकर आधुनिक भारत तक जारी रहे हैं और विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में अलग-अलग रूपों में सामने आए हैं। संथाल विद्रोह, भील आंदोलन, मुंडा उलगुलान, टाना भगत आंदोलन, रामपा विद्रोह जैसे आंदोलन आदिवासियों के साहस, संगठन और नेतृत्व की मिसाल हैं। स्वतंत्रता के बाद झारखंड, गोंडवाना, बोडो और नर्मदा बचाओ जैसे आंदोलन इस बात का प्रमाण हैं कि जनजातीय समुदाय आज भी जल, जंगल और जमीन के अधिकारों के लिए संघर्षरत हैं। इन आंदोलनों ने न केवल स्थानीय शोषण के विरुद्ध चेतना जगाई, बल्कि राष्ट्रीय नीतियों को भी प्रभावित किया। इनका योगदान भारत के लोकतांत्रिक, सामाजिक न्यायपूर्ण और बहुलतावादी ढांचे को सुदृढ़ करने में अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण रहा है।
Beyond Smart Homes: The Next Evolution of IoT in Everyday Life
The Internet of Things (IoT) has evolved from a mere convenience in smart homes to a transformative force that is poised to reshape various industries and sectors. As IoT devices become more integrated into healthcare, transportation, agriculture, and urban planning, the opportunities for increased efficiency, sustainability, and personalization are immense. This paper explores the evolution of IoT, beyond the scope of smart homes, and examines its applications in smart cities, healthcare, agriculture, and the workplace. Additionally, it addresses the security and privacy challenges associated with the widespread deployment of IoT devices. The paper concludes by discussing the future of IoT, focusing on the importance of robust security frameworks to ensure that the full potential of IoT is realized while protecting user data and privacy.