Mathematical Modelling of Ecological Systems in Patchy Environments

Abstract

Ecological systems are complex networks of interacting species and their environment. These interactions can be influenced by various factors, including the spatial distribution of resources and habitats. Patchy environments, characterized by discrete areas of suitable habitat interspersed with unsuitable areas, are common in nature and can significantly impact ecological processes. Mathematical models play a crucial role in understanding and predicting the dynamics of ecological systems in such environments.   Habitats are fragmented into discrete patches of varying quality, size, and connectivity.  A population of a species is divided into spatially isolated subpopulations, each occupying a patch. The dynamics of the overall population are influenced by dispersal between patches. Some patches (sources) have high reproductive success and provide emigrants to other patches, while other patches (sinks) have low reproductive success and rely on immigration to maintain populations.  Focuses on the influence of the spatial arrangement of patches and the surrounding matrix on ecological processes.  Various mathematical models are used to study ecological systems in patchy environments. Divide the environment into discrete patches and track the movement of individuals or populations between them. Describe the spread of populations or species across a landscape, considering both local interactions and dispersal.   Simulate the behavior of individual organisms in a patchy environment, allowing for complex interactions and spatial heterogeneity. Represent the connections between patches as a network, analyzing how the structure of the network influences ecological processes.